Companies and government agencies alike are looking to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with their activities. Methods include increasing the use of renewable and low carbon energy sources as well as improving the energy efficiency of processes.

In every situation where a heat exchanger is required, the combination of products and service fluids, application, temperature and other variables will be different.

Cross contamination in the pharmaceutical industry is not just an issue for those working in it, but for the wider public as a whole. As general awareness of the potential issues has increased, more questions are being asked of manufacturers and health professionals about the safety, integrity and potential side effects of a range of products and medicines.

The process-efficiency benefits of utilizing heat from one part of an industrial process in another are well understood. Heat reuse — sometimes referred to as regeneration — is widespread across a range of processes: pasteurization and sterilization, evaporation, drying, distillation, pressurization, cooking, space and media heating, and reactor heating, to name a few. In fact, the list of applications is as varied as the industries themselves.

The development of pasteurization as a method to destroy pathogenic bacteria in food and drink and, therefore, aid in food safety, dates back to the 19th century. However, the origins of heating (rather than cooking) food and drink for the purposes of preservation go back to China in the 12th century, where the technique was used to keep wine fresh and drinkable.